Research articles
A machine learning based attitude control model for open-type TBMs on the spiral ramp of Beishan underground research laboratory
Qixin Xu, Qiuming Gong*, Liu Huang, Ju Wang, Hongsu Ma, Mengxue Qi, Bei Han
Deep Resources Engineering. 2026, 3(3): 100250. 
doi.org10.1016j.deepre.2026.100250.pdf
Brief Introduction: Using field data from the Beishan Underground Research Laboratory spiral ramp, this paper develops and compares three machine-learning models for real-time prediction of open-type TBM attitude-control parameters. LightGBM provides the best predictive performance and demonstrates strong robustness and engineering applicability.
本文基于北山地下研究实验室螺旋坡道的现场掘进数据，构建并比较了三种机器学习模型，用于实时预测敞开式TBM的姿态控制参数。结果表明，LightGBM模型的预测性能最佳，并具有较好的稳健性和工程适用性。
Keywords: Open-type TBM; Spiral ramp; Attitude control; Machine learning method
Cite: Xu, Q.X.; Gong, Q.M.; Huang, L.; Wang, J.; Ma, H.S.; Qi, M.X.; Han, B., A machine learning based attitude control model for open-type TBMs on the spiral ramp of Beishan underground research laboratory, Deep Resources Engineering 2026, 3 (3), 100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deepre.2026.100250
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Response induced by transient blasting or seismic P-wave around a diversion tunnel with an imperfect rock-liner interface
Wanquan Mei, Peng-Zhi Pan*, Amin Hekmatnejad, Zhaofeng Wang, Yi Xie, Qingsong Zheng
Deep Resources Engineering. 2026,3(3): 100237. doi.org10.1016j.deepre.2026.100237.pdf
Brief Introduction: This paper derives the transient response of a water-filled, deeply buried circular lined diversion tunnel with an imperfect rock–liner interface under aperiodic blasting or seismic P-waves. Using the Laplace transform, a spring-interface model, and numerical inversion, it shows that the rock–liner contact state, radial interface stiffness, and internal water strongly affect the stress and acceleration responses of the coupled rock–liner–water system.
本文采用拉普拉斯变换、弹簧界面模型和数值反演算法，研究具有非完全岩体–衬砌界面的充水深埋圆形衬砌引水隧洞在非周期爆破或地震P波作用下的瞬态响应。结果表明，岩体–衬砌接触状态、界面径向刚度和洞内水体会显著影响围岩–衬砌–水体耦合系统的应力与加速度响应。
Keywords: Transient response; Spring interface model; Numerical inverse algorithm; Dynamic stress concentration
Cite: Mei, W.Q.; Pan, P.Z.; Hekmatnejad, A.; Wang, Z.F.; Xie, Y.; Zheng, Q.S., Response induced by transient blasting or seismic P-wave around a diversion tunnel with an imperfect rock-liner interface, Deep Resources Engineering 2026, 3 (3), 100237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deepre.2026.100237
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Influence of initial stress difference on the hard rock fracture mechanism under stepwise unloading during large high-stress underground powerhouse layered excavation
Liangjie Gu*, Cong Xie, Yan Zhang, Wenjing Niu, Yaohui Gao, Ru Lin, Jiaxing Huang
Deep Resources Engineering. 2026, 3(3): 100227. doi.org10.1016j.deepre.2025.100227.pdf
Brief Introduction: This paper presents true-triaxial stepwise unloading tests to investigate the mechanical response and failure of Shuangjiangkou granite. Increasing the stress difference nonlinearly raises the peak strength, shifts macroscopic failure from diffuse shear propagation to directional splitting and microscopic cracking from intergranular shear to transgranular tension, and makes acoustic-emission energy release more abrupt and concentrated.
本文通过真三轴逐步卸载试验研究双江口花岗岩的力学响应与破坏机制。结果表明，随着应力差增大，峰值强度非线性升高，宏观破坏由弥散剪切扩展转为定向劈裂，微观裂纹由晶间剪切转为穿晶拉伸，声发射能量释放也更为突发和集中。
Keywords: Initial stress difference; True triaxial test; Stepwise unloading; Acoustic emission; Damage accumulation; Failure mechanism
Cite: Gu, L.J.; Xie, C.; Zhang, Y.; Niu, W.J.; Gao, Y.H.; Lin, R.; Huang, J.X., Influence of initial stress difference on the hard rock fracture mechanism under stepwise unloading during large high-stress underground powerhouse layered excavation, Deep Resources Engineering 2026, 3 (3), 100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deepre.2025.100227
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Numerical and experimental studies of the natural mixing behavior between an uncemented paste backfill and dumped waste rock in stopes from laboratory toward field conditions. Part II: Application and prediction of the validated and calibrated numerical model
Yuyu Zhang, Li Li*, Louis-Philippe Gélinas, Serge Ouellet
Deep Resources Engineering. 2026, 3(3): 100236. doi.org10.1016j.deepre.2026.100236.pdf
Brief Introduction: This paper uses laboratory drop-box tests at different scales and stope sizes to assess the predictive capability of a previously validated DEM model for the natural mixing of dumped waste rock and uncemented paste backfill. Without further calibration, the model reproduces several experimental trends and extends predictions to larger scales; remaining discrepancies identify limitations in both the test setup and the model.
本文通过不同尺度和采场尺寸的落料箱试验，检验已验证并标定的DEM模型对倾倒废石与非胶结膏体充填料自然混合行为的预测能力。在不进行追加标定的情况下，该模型能够再现多项试验趋势，并进一步用于较大尺度场景；预测与试验之间的差异则揭示了试验装置和数值模型的局限。
Keywords: Waste rocks; Paste backfill; Maximum particle size; Natural mixing behavior; Numerical modeling; Size effects
Cite: Zhang, Y.Y.; Li, L.; Gélinas, L.-P.; Ouellet, S., Numerical and experimental studies of the natural mixing behavior between an uncemented paste backfill and dumped waste rock in stopes from laboratory toward field conditions. Part II: Application and prediction of the validated and calibrated numerical model, Deep Resources Engineering 2026,3 (3), 100236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deepre.2026.100236
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Calculation model of overburden pressure of large diameter mounded storage tanks under different overburden slope angles
Zheng Nie, Yu Zhang*, Shengjie Di, Chongqun Gao, Jiawei Lu, Jiajun Liu
Deep Resources Engineering. 2026, 3(3): 100205. doi.org10.1016j.deepre.2025.100205.pdf
Brief Introduction: This paper develops two Marston-based overburden-pressure models—the “cat-ear” and “parabolic” models—for large-diameter mounded horizontal storage tanks by accounting for the overburden slope. Comparisons with finite-element results and parameter-sensitivity analyses show high accuracy across a range of cover heights and tank diameters, supporting structural design and the development of relevant design specifications.
本文基于Marston理论，考虑覆土边坡坡角和储罐大直径效应，建立了“猫耳形”和“抛物线”两种覆土压力计算模型，并通过有限元结果对比和参数敏感性分析进行了验证。结果表明，这两种模型适用于不同覆土高度和罐体直径，具有较高的计算精度，可为覆土卧式储罐的结构设计及相关规范制定提供参考。
Keywords: Large diameter mounded horizontal tanks; Covered with soil; Earth pressure; Improvement of the Marston model; Slope angle
Cite: Nie, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Di, S.J.; Gao, C.Q.; Lu, J.W.; Liu, J.J., Calculation model of overburden pressure of large diameter mounded storage tanks under different overburden slope angles, Deep Resources Engineering2026, 3 (3), 100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deepre.2025.100205
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A caprock integrity assessment to optimize CO2 storage using coupled geomechanics: A case study of the Angostura Field
Adrian Ross*, David Alexander
Deep Resources Engineering. 2026, 3(3): 100252. doi.org10.1016j.deepre.2026.100252.pdf
Brief Introduction: This paper uses coupled flow-geomechanical modeling to assess the integrity of the caprock and an underlying sealing shale during CO2 storage. The results indicate greater susceptibility to shear than tensile failure, quantify worst-case CO2 leakage, and identify the injection-rate threshold for caprock fracture initiation.
本文采用流体-岩土力学耦合模拟，评估CO2封存过程中盖层及其下伏封闭性页岩的完整性。结果表明，两者发生剪切破坏的风险高于拉伸破坏；研究同时量化了最不利情景下的CO2泄漏量，并确定了盖层破裂起始的临界注入速率。
Keywords: Caprock integrity; Sealing performance; Barton-Bandis model; CO2 trapping mechanism
Cite: Ross, A.; Alexander, D., A caprock integrity assessment to optimize CO2 storage using coupled geomechanics: A case study of the Angostura Field, Deep Resources Engineering2026, 3 (3), 100252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deepre.2026.100252
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